Electric arc furnace steelmaking is a kind of steelmaking method in which the electric energy is converted into heat energy in the arc light, and the direct effect of radiation and arc is used to heat and melt the metal and slag to smelt various components of steel and alloy.

1. Feeding

The operation of adding raw materials such as molten iron or scrap steel to the electric furnace is the first step in the electric furnace steelmaking operation.

2. slagging

The operation of adjusting the slag composition, alkalinity and viscosity and its reaction ability in the production of steel and iron. For example, the oxygen blowing operation is to generate slag with sufficient fluidity and alkalinity, and can transfer sufficient oxygen to the metal liquid surface to reduce sulfur and phosphorus below the upper limit of the planned steel grade, and to reduce the amount of splash and slag during oxygen blowing.

3. slag

The operation of slagging or slagging in the smelting process according to different smelting conditions and purposes in the electric arc furnace steelmaking. For example, when smelting by single slag method, the oxidation slag must be stripped at the end of oxidation; when reducing slag is made by double slag method, the original oxidation slag is used. It must be completely released to prevent phosphorus from returning.

4. bath stirring

Energy is supplied to the metal bath to produce movement of the molten metal and slag to improve the kinetic conditions of the metallurgical reaction. The bath agitation can be achieved by means of gas, mechanical, electromagnetic induction, etc.

5. dephosphorization

Chemical reaction to reduce phosphorus content in molten steel. Phosphorus is one of the harmful impurities in steel. Steel containing more phosphorus, when used at room temperature or lower temperature, easy to brittle, called "cold brittle". The higher the carbon content in the steel, the more serious the brittleness caused by phosphorus. Generally, the phosphorus content in ordinary steel is not more than 0.045%, and high-quality steel requires less phosphorus.

6. electric furnace bottom blowing electric furnace bottom blowing

Through the nozzle placed at the bottom of the furnace, N2, Ar, CO2, CO, CH4, O2 and other gases are blown into the molten pool in the furnace according to the process requirements to accelerate melting. The purpose of promoting metallurgical reaction process. The use of bottom blowing process can shorten smelting time, reduce power consumption, improve dephosphorization and desulfurization operations, increase the amount of residual manganese in steel, and increase the yield of metals and alloys. It can make the composition and temperature of molten steel more uniform, thereby improving steel quality, reducing costs and increasing productivity.